国有控股、市场竞争与股权激励效应————基于倾向得分匹配法的实证研究

结合代理理论和制度理论,运用倾向得分匹配法,研究国有控股和市场竞争这两种基本制度环境对股权激励与企业绩效相关关系的影响机制和作用效果发现：股权激励整体上存在激励效应,能显著提高企业绩效;国有控股削弱了股权激励的实施效果,相对于非国有企业,股权激励对国有企业的激励效应并不显著;产品市场竞争强化了股权激励与企业绩效的正向关系,竞争程度越高,股权激励效果越好;市场竞争一定程度上提高了国有企业股权激励的实施效果,在竞争程度高的国企样本中,股权激励显现出了显著的激励效应。研究结论表明,制度环境是股权激励发挥作用的重要前提,深化国有企业产权改革、完善产品市场竞争是提高股权激励效果的关键。     

认知交互CPI模型视角下新生就业压力及干预

面对严峻的就业形势,刚踏入高校校门尚且处于适应转换期的"95后"新生,俨然感受到了更大就业压力,压力认知交互作用理论认为压力对人是否产生影响,关键在于个体对压力的认知评价,认知评价影响到其采取的应对方式和应对结果,而应对结果反过来也影响压力的感知.根据压力认知-现象学-交互作用CPT模型,对高校"95后"新生就业压力进行分析,并寻求干预策略,为高校引导新生对就业压力的正确认知和积极应对提供借鉴.     

历史制度主义视域的农村五保供养制度变迁研究

从历史制度主义的理论视域看,我国农村五保供养制度结构受到宏观历史情境、变量及其他政策序列、行为主体博弈互动关系的影响和制约;同时我国农村五保供养制度的历史变迁具有路径依赖和渐进转型的特性,存在关键节点并呈现为断裂平衡的过程。我国农村五保供养应打破"历史否决点"并适应新的制度环境,不断推动制度的创新。     

中国集体林权制度变迁及其内在经济动因分析

随着我国宏观经济改革的不断深化,推进集体林权配套改革成为社会对集体林权改革的共识。因此,加强对集体林权制度改革变迁的研究,对于明确集体林权配套改革方向、深化社会宏观经济改革具有重要意义。根据不同历史时期集体林权制度对于产权主体的不同界定,将集体林权制度变迁的历程划分为4个阶段,并运用经济学的生产与消费、博弈论、制度经济学等理论对4个阶段的经济动因做了系统分析。结果表明：历次集体林权制度变迁的方向是与国家当时经济社会环境紧密相关的,历次集体林权制度变迁实质均是国家基于宏观经济最优化目标下的制度安排,与在此安排下农民作出的微观理性选择的结合,集体林权制度改革的成功实施均是宏观制度安排与微观理性选择相一致的结果。     

农村互助养老模式的发展困境与策略

农村互助养老是解决农村养老难题的突破口,在当前的压力型体制下,农村互助养老工程的推进存在着选择性政策执行、数字式年度考核与乡村敷衍性应对、供给主体的责任缺失与乡村信任危机。推动农村互助养老发展,必须改变压力型体制,构建服务型政府;改变量化考核偏好,提高群众参与性;以农村互助养老为平台,农民养老需求为导向,构建整体性养老保障体系。     

工业缝纫机针杆的气浮轴承性能数值计算与分析

为了对气浮针杆的小孔节流型轴承的支承性能进行研究,文章在建立数学模型的基础上,运用有限差分法对控 制方程进行数值有限差分的推导,利用MATLAB对针杆在低速和高速的情况下的压力分布进行了数值求解。结果表 明：气浮轴承能够较好地实现工业缝纫机的低速和高速情况下的气浮支承;双排节流小孔的压力分布承载效果比单排节 流小孔好;随着气浮针杆运动速度的变化双排节流小孔的气浮轴承的稳定性较好。对进一步深入对工业缝纫机针杆的 气浮支承研究具有指导意义。     

政治关联对民营企业成长性影响的实证研究

以2009—2012年上市民营企业作为研究对象,研究了政治关联对民营企业成长性的影响以及制度环境对两者关系的调节作用。实证检验结果表明民营企业与政府建立联系成为普遍现象,民营企业与政府的政治关联对企业成长性有显著的促进作用,在制度环境越落后的地方,政治关联对民营企业成长性的促进作用越大。这表明,政治关联是制度环境不完善条件下的一种替代机制。     

区域多元化抑或产品多元化?制度环境约束下民营企业核心能力构建与成长战略选择

在文献与理论研究的基础上,构建了制度环境、核心能力与企业成长战略选择之间关系的概念模型,并提出了相关假设。然后,以中国民营上市公司2007-2014年数据为对象进行实证检验,结果发现:市场化程度更高的区域,民营企业倾向于构建"行业专家"型核心能力,进而倾向于选择"做强"的区域多元化战略;市场化程度相对较低的区域,民营企业更多倾向于构建"社会资本"型核心能力,进而会选择"做大"的产品多元化战略。上述发现为企业成长与多元化战略理论补充了新的内容。     

Seclusion,decision-making power,and gender disparities in adult health: Examining hypertension in India

Research on the social determinants of health in developing countries is increasingly focusing on the importance of gender. Cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension are a growing concern in developing countries, where they are now the leading cause of death. Researchers have documented differences in hypertension between men and women, but the importance of gendered practices in shaping these differences has been left unexamined. Using national data from the India Human Development Survey 2005 (N = 101,593), this study assesses the moderating role of two salient and widespread gendered practices—women’s seclusion and decision-making power—on hypertension disparities between women and men. Both seclusion and low decision-making power are associated with increased odds of hypertension for women, but in the case of seclusion reduced hypertension for men. Results also show the gender gap in hypertension is exacerbated with women’s seclusion and low decision-making power.     

‘More time for what?’ Exploring intersecting notions of gender,work, age and leisure time among people with cognitive disabilities

This article explores intersecting notions of leisure among middle‐aged people with intellectual disabilities in the setting of the Swedish welfare state. The participants are recipients of long‐term disability services and have experienced the changing ideological frameworks of the welfare effort, which has recently focused on normalisation, inclusion and participation. Structured activities are arranged by disability services in order to normalise living conditions and provide recreation for disabled people. However, the range of activities is constrained by financial resources, by notions of gender and age and by an institutionalised emphasis on the work ethic – leading to constructions of leisure partly as ‘time beside’ where ‘free time’ activities should not interfere with the duties of the working week. The participants' limited resources and their lack of a strong voice limit their ability to demand their legal rights and leave many of them with ‘too much time with too little to do’. Key Practitioner Message: ● A common idea of leisure is the relationship between social and physical activities, well‐being and health; ● People with disabilities, regardless of age, engage in fewer leisure activities than the general population due to a lack of resources; ● Even with legal rights, the lack of a strong voice as well as institutional constraints limit their leisure opportunities.